Orange Pi I96

GPIO Specifications

　The CSI Camera Connector is a 24-pin FPC connector which can connect external camera module with proper signal pin mappings. The pin of CIS connector can be defined as follows. The connector marked with "CON 1" on the Orange Pi i96 is camera connector.

OrangePi i96-CSI

CON1-P01	NC
CON1-P02	GND
CON1-P03	TWI2-SDA	PE13
CON1-P04	VCC-CSI
CON1-P05	TWI2-SCK	PE12
CON1-P06	CSI-RESET#	PE15
CON1-P07	CSI-VSYNC	PE3
CON1-P08	CSI-STBY-EN	PE15
CON1-P09	CSI-HSYNC	PE2
CON1-P10	VDD1V8-CSI
CON1-P11	VCC-CSI
CON1-P12	CSI-D7	PE11
CON1-P13	CSI-MCLK	PE1
CON1-P14	CSI-D6	PE10
CON1-P15	GND
CON1-P16	CSI-D5	PE9
CON1-P17	CSI-PCLK	PE0
CON1-P18	CSI-D4	PE8
CON1-P19	CSI-D0	PE4
CON1-P20	CSI-D3	PE7
CON1-P21	CSI-D1	PE5
CON1-P22	CSI-D2	PE6
CON1-P23	GND
CON1-P24	AFVCC-CSI

Using Method

　You can configure your Orange Pi in a very short period of time and use it according to the following steps. You need to fulfill the several steps before booting your Orange Pi.

Step 1: Prepare Accessories Needed

The first time you use the Orange Pi, you need at least some parts for the following:

No.	Items	Requirements and Instructions
1	TF card	8GB or bigger ; class 10. Branded TF cards which are much more reliable are the good choice
2	Power adapter	At lease 5V/2A high quality power adapter, OTG could use as power supply.
3	Keyboard and mouse	Any keyboard and mouse with USB port is applicable; Keyboard and mouse are high-power, so a USB concentrator is required.
4	TTL to USB cable	Support debug log in.
5	Audio cable (Optional)	You can select an audio cable with 3.5mm jack to feel stereo audio.

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TF card

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OTG power adapter

Step 2: Prepare a TF Card

　In order to be able to us Orange Pi normally, you must first install the operating system into the TF card or Nand. The following instructions will teach you how to write the operating system image file to the Windows and Linux Platform. For now this board could support boot from TF card with Android and Linux distro, and could support boot from Nand with Android. It will illustrate about how to write image into Nand.

1)Writing image into a SD card on Windows:
a.Inserting the TF card into the computer, the capacity of the card must be larger than the operating system image, usually requires 8GB or bigger capacity.
b.Formatting the TF card.

i.Download tools for formatting TF card, such as TF Formatter, could be download from
https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_windows/
ii.Unzip the downloaded files, and run setup.exe
iii.In the options settings option set the format type option to quick formatting. Logical size adjustment option to open "(ON)”

iv.Make sure the inserted TF card codes are in accordance with the chosen codes.
v.Click the "Format"button.

Download the operating system image file from the download page, the page address is as follows: http://www.orangepi.cn/downloadresourcescn/
d.Unzip the downloaded file (in addition to the Android system, this method can be used to burn to write, the Android system need another burn, the following will introduce).
e.Right click the downloaded file, select "Unzip file" to write image to TF card.

i　Download tools to write image, such as Win32 Diskimager,
http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/files/Archive/.
ii　Select the path of image file that has been unzipped.

iii　Click the "Write" button and wait for the image writing.
iv　After the image is written, click the "Exit" button.

2)Writing image into a SD card on Linux:

a.Inserting the TF card into the computer, the capacity of the card must be larger than the operating system image, usually requires 8GB or bigger capacity.
b.Formatting the TF card.

i　Run fdisk –l command to make sure TF disk.
ii　Run umount /dev/sdxx to uninstall all partitions of TF Card.
iii　Run sudo fdisk /dev/sdx command. Use director to delete all partitions of TF Card, and then us n command to add a new partition, finally use w command to save and exit.
iv　Run sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdx1 command to format the TF card partition set up last step to FAT32 form(according to your TF card disk to replacex ). Or you could skip this step since command in Linux will format TF card automatic.

c.Download the image OS from download page:
http://www.orangepi.cn/`downloadresourcescn/ d.Unzip the downloaded file and right click it, select " Unzip file"
e.Write image into TF card

i　Run sudo fdisk –l command to make sure the TF card disk
ii　Make sure the image file hash key is the same as download page offered(optional) :
sha1sum [path]/[imagename]
Here will be output some number which should be same as the image page line of "SHA-1"
iii　Run umount /dev/sdxx command to uninstall all partitions in TF Card
iv　Run the command of sudo dd bs=4M if=[path]/[imagename] of=/dev/sdx to write image file and wait for it finished. You can run sudo pkill –USR1 –n –x dd command to check the procedure.

Step 3: Start your Orange Pi

Insert the TF card with written image into the TF card slot

Make sure the toggle switch is showing like the following, booting from SD card.

Insert the keyboard or mouse into the USB port.

Connect wifi antenna
Connect to Camera(optional)

Connect TTL cable, you could refer to the Debug method in this instruction.

Android and Linux use different Baud rate, please note the Baud rate setting. Android Baud rate is 921600, Linux Baud rate is 921600 Serial port uses TTL to USB cable to connect.

It is the power input interface on the right side for connecting a 5V and at least 2A or bigger than 2A power adapter. Avoid using smaller power GSM mobile phone charger, it is not able to output 2A even if it marked "5V/2A".

　If the above steps are successful, the Orange Pi will start in a few minutes. The monitor Graphical interface of display system. It may take a long time to start the first time, please wait patiently. The next time will boot very fast.

Step 4: Turn off your Orange Pi correctly

　You can use the shutdown button on the interface to safety close the Orange Pi. You can also close the system by entering command in the shell:
sudo halt
or
sudo shutdown –h
　It will be safety to turn off the Orange Pi. If directly use the power button to shut down the system may damage the file system on TF Card. After the system is closed, the power can be cut off by more than 5 seconds’ press. If all the above steps run, then your Orange Pi could shut down.

Initialize settings for your Linux system

　You need to make some basic settings when it is you first time to use Linux on Orange Pi i96, like wifi setting, audio setting, user setting.

1)Wifi setting on serial port

　After used serial to login system, entered the password the system will prompt you to use the orangepi_config tool to make some basic setting, including wifi setting. You could use the following command in the order line:
sudo orangepi_config
> wifi settings

　This setting include the functions of WIFI statue setting, wifi searching and connect to AP. You could use this method to set wifi.

2)Use ssh to connect wifi

　You need to use two cellphones if you want to use this function. Please refer to this:
　Orange Pi i96 is defaulted to connect the hotspot of orangepi, the password is orangepi. Use another cellphone’s hotspot function, setting the hot spot name as orangepi, password as orangepi. It will connect to orangepi hotspot default after booting the system. After that, use another cellphone to connect the hotspot, and use “wifi assistant” to check the IP of Orange Pi i96.
　After getting the IP of Orange Pi i96, you could use SSH remote login in Linux PC or Windows PC. Command as following:
　ssh [email protected]
　Password: orangepi
　After enter the system via ssh, run the following command to connect to router: sudo orangepi_config

Write Android into Nand

　Orange Pi i96 is supported boot from Nand, and also supported update Android in Nand.

1)Boot Android from NAND

　Switching the boot mode into NAND via short jumper cap.

　Power it on, Orange Pi i96 will boot from NAND.

2)Update Android in NAND

Short jumper cap to switch the system to boot from NAND, set toggle switch into 1234 UP, 5678 Down like the following:

3)Install writing tool on Windows

　For now Nand writing tool could only support working on Windows, you could download the tool from official website: http://www.orangepi.online/downloadresources/

4)Install USB driver on Windows
　Unzip the tool file, install the USB driver, here is the path:

/OrangePi_I96_Toolschain/USB_Driver/USB-driver/

　You should install it according to your PC, if your PC is 32bit, then install x86 USB driver, if it is 64bit, then is x64 USB driver.

5)Download Android Nand image 　Here is the ink for Orange Pi i96 Nand version image:
　http://www.orangepi.online/downloadresources/

6)Use writing tool

Use writing tool to write NAND:

/OrangePi_2G-IOT_Toolschain/OrangePi_2G-IOT_NandUpdate_Tools/OrangePi_2G-IOT_Update.e

　Click “load BIN” to import the image of NAND version into writing tool. After that, click Download button to download the image. Meanwhile, the tool is waiting for the download link of Orange Pi i96.

7)Download Image

　Prepare an Android USB to DC cable, first connect to the OTG port of Orange Pi i96, then push on the power button for 5s, and connect the cable to the Windows PC. Meanwhile, the screen will indicate that connect successful and downloading. It will take around 3min to finished downloaded, after that, reboot the system and then the system will run on the update Android.
　Note: If it could not download, please check the the shorting cap and switch.

Android in no screen ADB mode

ADB setting: Set the toggle switch into 1234 “UP”, 5678 “Down”, the system will switch into adb model, in this model, the USB is unable.

Connect to the OTG port of Oragne Pi I96 with the USB to DC cable, the other side connect to PC, push the power button and then the system will be Android.
If the PC haven’t set on adb, then please refer to the teaching method of Ubuntu and Windows adb in internet. Use adb command in the PC terminal to connect the adb:

adb shell

After connect to OrangePi I96 via adb, you could refer to the adb debug method from the internet to enter into Orange Pi i96

We would recommend you use Plug-in Vysor in Chrome browser, this tool could enter Android via adb:

Universal software configuration

1)Change default account

　The default log-in account and password is orangepi/orangepi or root/orangepi. It is recommended to modify the default orangepi account to your own account for secure sake. Take changing into Zhangsan as a sample. Steps are as follows:
a.Use root account to login Orange Pi
b.$ usermod -l zhangsan orangepi
Change account of orangepi into Zhangsan

c.$ groupmod -n zhangsan orangepi
Change group

d.$ mv /home/ornagepi /home/zhangsan
Change directory of original orangepi

e.$ usermod -d /home/orangepi orangepi
Set this directory into orangepi user's home directory

f.$ cat /etc/passwd
It should be shown as following:

　After the modification of the above steps, you could use the new account Zhangsan to log in.

2)System source configuration

　This instruction will take Ubuntu as an example:
a.Open the source file
$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

b.Edit source file
　Replace the source file with your favourite source. Take an example of Ubuntu 16.04 on Zhonkeda source:
　deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
　deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
　deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
　deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
　deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
　deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
　deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
　deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
　deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
　deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
Note: xenial is the version of the code name in this source, if the other version of Ubuntu needs to replace the corresponding version code which can be found on the internet.

3)Enter the system via SSH

　You could refer to the previous charter 5. 2)Use SSH to connect Wifi.

4)Modify the size of ext4 file system

　It could promote system performance via expanding the rootfs partitions of file system after writing image, which could avoid the problems caused by insufficient space.
　Expanding rootfs partitions on TF card of PC:
　Using GParted to adjust the size:
　Select the specified letter, right-click the corresponding letter, select "change the size" to adjust into the desired size, click "adjust the size", close the dialog box and click "apply to all operations", select the "apply" to complete the expansion operation.

a.Expand file system
　i　Boot to Linux, umount /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2, if it prompts disk busy, then use fuser to clean the using disk(we will recommend using another Linux booting disk to lead the system).
　ii　Use fdisk /dev/sdb to adjust the partition size, after into it, enter p, and keep in mind about the initial position of needed extending size partition.
　iii　Enter d to delete the partition need to change the size(my file system is /dev/sdb2, which is the 2 partition ).
　iv　Enter n to build a new partition, make sure the initial position is the same as you deleted, and enter the number as you desire.
　v　Enter w to save the partition data.
　vi　Use the following command to check the file system(make sure it is a right file system)
　　e2fsck -f /dev/sdb2
　vii　Adjust the partition size
　　resize2fs /dev/sdb2
　viii　It could mount a disk partition, you could check whether it has changed.

b.Shrink file system
　i　Boot to Linux, umount /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2, if it prompts disk busy, then use fuser to clean the using disk(we will recommend using another Linux booting disk to lead the system).
　ii　Use the following command to check the file system(make sure it is a right file system)
　　e2fsck -f /dev/sdb2
　iii　Modify the size of file system(Use resize2fs)
　　resize2fs /dev/sdb2 900M
　The "s"after the number represents specifying the size of file system via the sectors(every sector calculated by 512 bite). You could also specify it into K(KB), M(MB), G(GB), etc.
　iv　Use fdisk /dev/sdb to adjust the partition size, after into it, enter p, and keep in mind about the initial position of needed extending size partition. You need to first delete the partition then build a new one because the fdisk could not modify the size dynamic(you need to calculate the size, it have to enough to contain the file system adjusted in last step).
v　Enter d to delete the partition need to change the size(my file system is /dev/sdb2, which is the 2 partition ).
　vi　Enter n to build a new partition, make sure the initial position is the same as you deleted, and enter the number as you desire. Besides, if it is boot-able partition you want to change, note that need to keep the boot-able mark in case cannot boot.
　The above illustration is using fdisk and resize2fs to modify partition and file system, you could also use gparted. Gparted has graphical interface and it could help you to re-size file system at the same time of re-sizing partition. Goarted is much easier to use and reduce the change to make mistake. For now our official Lubuntu and Raspbian could not use it.

Usage of GPIO and WiringPi

OrangePi I96 could support WiringPi, you could have a try according to the introduction on this section. The following is 40 Pin of OrangePi.

Download the latest WiringPi source code of Orange Pi i96

Please confirm that the Orange Pi i96 has connect to wifi or network successfully, if no, then you need to first make it connect to wifi or network. If you connect to network, then you also need to install some essential tools:
　sudo apt-get install git gcc make

Download the latest source code

You could download the latest WiringPi source code from official website:
www.orangepi.online
You could also download files from github:
https://github.com/OrangePiLibra/WiringPi.git

with the following command:

env GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=true git clone

Compile and install WiringPi

Use the following command to compile and install the WiringPi after get the latest source code.
　cd WiringOP/
　./build OrangePi_I96
　./build OrangePi_I96 install

Test WiringPi with gpio command

You could use gpio command to test GPIO on 40pin on Orange Pi i96 with WiringPi installed.
i　Use "gpio readall" command to print out all WiringPi pin mapping as following. BCM line represents the actual hardware GPIO, there are 4 Groups GPIO and each Group have 32pins, and the serial number start from Group PA. PA0 corresponds to BCM colum number 0.
wPi line represents pins of wiringPi, you could use this group of data when use C library and gpio command on wiringPi. For example, number 37 pin is corresponding to number 25 pin of wiringPi, you could operate the 37 via operating 25pin.
Name line represents the definition name of Pin.
Mode line represents the mode of pin, it could but both input and output.
V line represents the voltage value of the current pin.
Physical line represents the actual hardware number.

ii　Use "gpio export pin mode" to explore wiringPi GPIO to the directory of /sys/class/gpio and set the GPIO mode into mode.
According to the above WiringPi pin mapping, hardware pin number 29 is corresponding to WiringPi pin number GPIO 25, explore the number 25 and set it into output mode.
iii　Use "gpio unexport pin" to cancel explore pin to /sys/class/gpio. For example:
　orangepi# gpio unexport 26
iv　Use "gpio exports" to check the current explored gpio. For expample:
　orangepi# gpio exports
v　Use "gpio mode pin mode" command to configure wiringPi pin mode. For example:
　Configure pin wiringPi 24 as output mode orangepi# gpio mode 24 out
　Configure pin wiringPi 26 as input mode orangepi# gpio mode 26 in
vi.Use "gpio write pin value" to write value of output mode pin, for example:
　Configure pin wiringPi 26 as output pin：orangepi# gpio mode 26 out
　Write 0 on wiringPi 26 orangepi# gpio write 26 0
　Write 1 wiringPi 26 orangepi# gpio write 26 1
vii.Use "gpio read pin" command to read the value of input mode pin, for example:
　Configure pin wiringPi 26 as input pin orangepi# gpio mode 26 in
　read the value from wiringPi 26 orangepi# gpio read 26

If you want to learn more "gpio" command, you could refer to "gpio -h" obtain.

Use WiringPi C Library

　WiringPi support C library and python library, you could use C language to operation GPIO port, the example source code is on the directory of /example/OrangePi/. Here is an example for C library usage on GPIO:

　Complie GPIO LED

Usage of C library on wiringPi:

In order to use wiringPi C library, first you need to import file of "wiringPi.h". You need to initialize wiringPi before using GPIO with function wiringPiSetup(). And then you could configure pin mode into INPUT or OUTPUT. And please note that the pin number should corresponding to wiringPi. Finally you could use function digitalWrite() and digitalRead() to read and write.

Source Code Compilation of Android and Linux

Hardware: Orange Pi development board*1, Card reader*1, TF card*1, power supply*1

　Software: Linux host computer, which hard disk space at least 50G (to meet a fully compiled need)
　Linux host computer needs:
　Version 2.7.3 of Python;
　Version 3.81-3.82 of GNU Make;
　JDK1.6;
　Version 1.7 or higher version of Git.

Install JDK

Download and unzip JDK, you will get jdk-6u31-linux-x64.bin, copy it to the directory of /opt
Modify the permission of jdk-6u31-linux-x64.bin with following command:

　sudo chmod 755 jdk-6u31-linux-x64.bin

Install jdk1.6

　/jdk-6u31-linux-x64.bin

Configuration multi Java version coexistence mode with the following command:

　sudo update-alternatives --install /user/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.6.0_31/bin/java 300
　sudo update-alternatives --install /user/bin/javap javap /opt/jdk1.6.0_31/bin/javap 300
　sudo update-alternatives --install /user/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.6.0_31/bin/javac 300
　sudo update-alternatives --install /user/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.6.0_31/bin/jar 300
　sudo update-alternatives --install /user/bin/javaws javaws /opt/jdk1.6.0_31/bin/javaws 300
　sudo update-alternatives --install /user/bin/javapdoc javadoc /opt/jdk1.6.0_31/bin/javadoc 300

Switch to java version and select version 1.6, use the following command:

　sudo update-alternatives --config java
　sudo update-alternatives --config javac
　sudo update-alternatives --config jar
　sudo update-alternatives --config javap
　sudo update-alternatives --config javaws
　sudo update-alternatives --config javadoc

After confirmed it is version 1.6, you could use the following command:

java -version